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The Evolution Site The theory of evolution through natural selection is the unifying force of modern biology. It ties together disciplines such as genetics, microbiology, and Palaeontology. However, the study of evolution is often controversial and the resultant misinformation can confuse people regarding the fundamentals of evolution. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that take place in populations over time. These changes are the result of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number of organisms with beneficial traits, which help them to thrive and reproduce in specific environments. As a result, these organisms produce more offspring than those who don't possess the beneficial characteristics. This can result in a genetic mutation that may eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the fittest” which implies that people who are most well-adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions will be more successful than those who are not well-adapted. However it is only one of the many different ways that evolution can occur. Another way that the word evolution is used is to suggest that a species will inevitably change from one state of being to the next one. This type of view of evolution is referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This view is not supported by the definition of evolution in science. Instead, the theory of evolution that is scientifically based concentrates on the changes that occur within populations over time and these changes are the result of genetic mutations and natural selection. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this view. Others, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, who created the macroevolution theory and believed that this was the only way the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower ones. In order for a concept to be considered a theory, it has to be capable of standing up to rigorous tests and evidence. The evidence for evolution has stood up to the test of time and has been supported by countless studies in various scientific disciplines, ranging from biology to geology, chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a fundamental concept in science and is believed by a majority of scientists across the world. However, there are many misconceptions about the nature of the theory of evolution, specifically how it relates to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is the scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It relies on a number of well-established and observable facts such as the fact that more offspring are often produced than could possibly survive and that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype); that different characteristics result in different rates of survival and reproduction and can be passed down to the next generation. These findings are supported by the increasing amount of evidence from molecular biology, palaeontology, functional morphology, climatology, and geology. Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace independently conceived the theory of evolution through selection in the mid-19th Century as a reason why organisms adapt to their biological and physical environments. It is currently the most well-supported and most widely tested theory in the field of science. Its predictions have been proved out by the fact that, for example more complex organisms tend to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. The more successful an organism gets in terms of its longevity and reproducing the more likely it will transfer its genes to future generations. Some people are against evolution because they believe that it suggests that there is no purpose to life. Many scientists who are religious such as the Cambridge Palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and is even enhanced by it. In reality, a large number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, including a few who are renowned evangelical Christian leaders are involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers contributed to the understanding a broad range of phenomena, including phylogenetics and genomics, as well as the formation and function of fossils. The word “theory” is often used in a wrong sense to mean a guess or speculation however it actually refers to a scientific idea that has been thoroughly developed and tested over time. Scientists test their hypotheses by repeating experiments or observations that led to them. The theory of evolution has been repeatedly proven out and so have the theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual shift in the genetic makeup of diverse individuals within a species over time. This change is a result of natural selection, which favors individuals who are more adapted to their environment. The individuals who are more adaptable have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. As more people survive and reproduce, their genes are more widely distributed in the general population. This is often described as “survival of the most fittest.” According to Going In this article of evolution the mutations that cause genetic variation are the primary reason for evolution. These mutations may occur at random, or under the influence of the environment. If mutations are random, the frequencies of the resulting alleles may differ from generation to generation. When a mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele which causes the allele to be spread across the population. Over time, these changes in the frequencies of alleles can lead to the formation of new species. The new species can then develop further and evolve into newer forms. This is a process known as macroevolution. The development of new species is often due to changes in the environment that make certain resources accessible or creates new environmental challenges. The evolution of finches in Galapagos Islands, for example, is due to the availability of new foods and the necessity to defend themselves against predators. In a larger sense, evolution can be defined as any change in the character of living organisms over time. The change could be minor like the development of a new coloration or massive, for instance, the creation of a new organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree on the importance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also acknowledge that evolution is a process that occurs in time, typically over millions of years. However, they differ on the importance of different factors that speed up or slow down this process, such as the impact of environmental pressures, sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists are still convinced that evolution is real and the evidence in support of this is overwhelming. What evidence do we have to support evolution? Since Darwin's time scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. Some of this evidence is derived from fossils which reveal the changing traits of organisms through time. Similarities between living and non-living organisms as well as embryology, biogeography and genetics are further evidence. The main proof of evolution can be found in the evolutionary tree, which demonstrates how different species are related. Homologous structures are another proof. They have a similar structure, but they perform different functions in different species, like the wing of a bat or bird. Evolution is evident in that different species adapt and develop to similar environments. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans wear white pelts during the winter months that blend into the snow and ice. This is a type of convergent evolutionary process, which suggests the species shared ancestral ancestors. Another evidence point is the existence of vestigial structures. These are unused organs that could have served a function in a distant ancestor. For example the human appendix is an oblique reminder of an organ used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they cease to be used. 에볼루션 슬롯게임 have also gathered other evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be grouped into six distinct categories: directly observed changes at small scales biogeographic distributions, comparative anatomy fossil records and genetics. Each of these provides compelling evidence that evolution of life took place. Although many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution it is an empirical fact. It is not a speculative theory, but a significant collection of evidence based on years of observation. Whatever people believe or deny about the theory of evolution scientists continue to research and discover new information to better comprehend the evolution of life on Earth. This information will aid scientists understand how to prevent future catastrophes on the planet and how to best utilize our planet's resources. This information will also help us better meet the needs and desires of the people who live on this planet.